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2024
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Comparison of Material Properties of Various Rubber Seals, Which One Has Better Performance?
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It varies depending on the environment and usage. Rubber seals are made from nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, acrylate, fluorine rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, and perfluorinated oil.
It varies depending on the environment and usage. Rubber seals are made from nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, acrylate, fluororubber, fluorosilicone rubber, and perfluorinated oil.
First is nitrile rubber.
It is a very common material used for making stamps. Oil-resistant seals are mainly made from nitrile rubber.
Nitrile rubber has excellent resistance to fuel and aromatic solvents, meeting general requirements at a low cost.
Second is natural rubber.
Compared to most synthetic rubbers, natural rubber has good mechanical properties, cold resistance, high strength, and wear resistance. Natural rubber is not resistant to mineral oils but is more stable in vegetable oils and alcohols.
Third, acrylate rubber.
Acrylate rubber has excellent heat resistance and oil resistance, usable at temperatures up to 180°C to 200°C. It is widely used in products that require high-temperature and heat resistance.
Acrylate rubber, known as automotive rubber, is a material suitable for making rubber oil seals, O-rings, gaskets, and hoses used at high temperatures. It is an important material in the automotive industry.
Acrylate rubber also has many other excellent properties—ozone resistance, bending, sunlight resistance, sealing, rubber transparency, and fabric adhesion.
Acrylate rubber has a wide range of applications—sponge products, deep well exploration, and electrical industry parts replacing silicone rubber and adhesives.
Fourth, fluororubber.
1. Fluororubber is a synthetic polymer elastomer that contains fluorine atoms on the carbon atoms of the main chain or side chain.
Advantages of fluororubber.
In rubber sealing materials, it has better heat resistance (decomposition temperature above 400 degrees Celsius), oil resistance (to several fuels, hydraulic oils, lubricants, synthetic oils), solvent resistance, weather resistance, and better chemical resistance (to external lines, ozone resistance, radiation resistance). All nitrile rubber and polyurethane rubber cannot be used in high-temperature environments or fluids for special work; fluororubber can be used as sealing material, is non-flammable, does not burn, and has its own extinguishing properties. It has good physical and mechanical properties, making it an ideal combination of all synthetic rubbers, and has become an indispensable basic material and alternative in modern industry, especially in high-tech fields.
Disadvantages of fluororubber.
Processing technology is not easy to master, it is expensive, and the crushing cost is 20 times that of nitrile rubber. Cold resistance and water resistance are poor, and elasticity at room temperature is low. Improved cold resistance and water-resistant fluororubber products have been developed in the market. Additionally, FFKM has superior strength and chemical resistance compared to ordinary fluororubber, but its price is 10 times that of fluororubber.
Applications of fluororubber gaskets.
Fluororubber is widely used in defense, military, automotive, aerospace, and petroleum fields. Fluororubber oil seals are also used in drilling machinery, refining equipment, and natural gas desulfurization equipment, capable of withstanding high-temperature and high-pressure oil and highly corrosive media. In chemical fields, fluororubber oil seals are used for pumps, pipe joints, and equipment container sealing for inorganic acids and other chemical products; in military applications, fluororubber is mainly used in aerospace vehicles, aviation, and satellite launches, fighter jets, new storage tank oil seals, pipeline and circuit linings, making it an irreplaceable key material in the defense industry.
Fifth, hydrogenated nitrile rubber.
Hydrogenated nitrile rubber is a synthetic polymer made by hydrogenating nitrile rubber to saturate its carbon chains. This special hydrogenation process reduces many double bonds in the main chain of nitrile rubber (NBR) polymers. In addition to the properties of nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber also has higher heat resistance, ozone aging resistance, heat resistance, chemical resistance, and mechanical properties than nitrile rubber.
Like hydrogenated nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber has a higher acrylonitrile (ACN) content, which improves its performance relative to oil and petroleum-derived fuels, but its performance decreases at low temperatures. The acrylonitrile content typically ranges from 18% to 50%. Hydrogenated nitrile rubber fills the gap between nitrile rubber and fluorinated applications in many fields.
Advantages of hydrogenated nitrile rubber.
Excellent heat resistance and oil resistance.
Fuel and ozone resistance is five times that of nitrile rubber.
Good wear resistance.
Disadvantages of hydrogenated nitrile rubber.
Like nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber is not resistant to polar solvents. Hydrogenated nitrile rubber is a new type of elastomer prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of nitrile rubber. The hydrogenation reaction increases its cold flow (deformation of the material caused by increased temperature or load applied to the material). Due to changes in molecular structure after hydrogenation, HNBR has reduced elasticity at low temperatures.
Sixth, fluorosilicone rubber.
Fluorosilicone rubber is similar to silicone rubber, combining trifluoropropyl, methyl, and vinyl as side chains, but it is fluorinated. The mechanical and physical properties of fluorosilicone rubber are similar to those of silicone rubber, but fluorosilicone rubber has better fuel and mineral oil resistance than silicone rubber, although it has poorer heat resistance compared to silica. Fluorosilicone rubber has excellent resistance to aviation fuel, hydraulic oil, and synthetic diester lubricants, and can operate for long periods at 204°C (400°F). Although fluorosilicone rubber is primarily used in the aerospace industry, it is increasingly used for manufacturing seals due to its fuel resistance and stability at high temperatures.
Advantages of fluorosilicone rubber:
Good high and low temperature resistance.
Good compression set.
Clean, low odor, no taste.
Disadvantages of fluorosilicone rubber:
Due to its low wear resistance, low abrasion resistance, and high friction coefficient, fluorosilicone rubber is only recommended for static seals.
Seven, perfluorinated rubber.
Perfluoroelastomers outperform silicone rubber at high temperatures, with good chemical resistance, resistance to most oils and solvents, weather resistance, and ozone resistance, although this cold resistance is not significant.
Advantages of perfluoroelastomers:
It withstands high temperatures of 200°C, resists most oils and solvents, especially suitable for all acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatics, and animal and vegetable oils. Compression set resistance is also good; defects of perfluoro rubber:
The price of raw material sealing rings is high, and the production process is difficult.
Perfluoro rubber series:
Perfluoroelastomer seals are widely used in high-temperature, ozone, and weather-resistant sealing equipment as well as various high vacuum sealing processes.
With the development of industry, it is widely used in automotive, electronics, aerospace, shipping, etc., requiring high precision, high temperature resistance, high wear resistance, and difficult working conditions, and is used more in military products.
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